Shore-protecting system



Mar. 3, 1925'.

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SHORE PROTECTING SYSTEM Filed Jan, s,v 1922 4 sheets-sheet s Mar.'3, 1925. 1,528,016

w. H. EvERs A SHORE P'ROTECTING SYSTEM Filed Jan. s, 1922 4 shams-sheet'-1l /4 W- if *7' invul inrm Patented Mar. 3, 1925.

UNITED vSTATES 1,528,016 PATENT oFFlcE.

WILLIAM E. EVERS, F LAKEWOOD, OHIO, .ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO WILLIAM E.

I PEASEV AND ONE-THIRD TO NOAH H. SULOFF, BOTH 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

snoncE-rno'rncrme SYSTEM.

Application led January 3, 1922. Serial No. 526,548.

Lakewood, county of Cuyahoga, and State I of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Shore-Protecting Systems, of

which the following isa specification, the principle of the invention being herein eX- plained and the best -mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

This invention relates to a short protecting system, more particularly a system designed to prevent corrosion of the shore by littoral currents created wherever prevalling storms are in a direction' oblique to the shore line. larly prevalent along the shores of 4the Great Lakes where in many localities beaches are being constantly worn away by the littoral currents which deposit vthe material in sand bars at varying distances from shore.

It is an object of the present invention to prevent such corrosive action and at the same time to build up a beach by causing incoming currents to deposit the solids carried in suspension therein alon the shore line. A further object is to provlde a breakwater construction which will not entirely cut oli' the'normal currents and thus avoidl the stagnant waters resulting from the breakwaters as heretofore designed.

Certain features of the cribwork construction herein disclosed whichare capable of application generally to seawalls and breakwaters of varioustype's, piers, docks, levees, dams and other partially submerged structures, are not claimed generically herein but are claimed in my copendin applications Serial No. 526,549 and SeriaI No. 526,550, filed Jan. 3, 1922. In the annexed drawings and `following specification, I have set forth in detailcertain means embodying my invention, the disclosed means, however, constituting but one of the various mechanical forms in which theprinciple of the invention may be employed. In said annexed drawings: F ig.\ 1 is ajplan View of the shore and adjacent breakwater and jetties for forming a beach.

Fig. 2 is a section of the beach on line II- I of Fig. 1, at the time of installation of the system.

Such conditions are particu-- Fig. 3 is a section on the same vline asl Fig. 2 showing the built up beach after installation.

Fig.4 is a plan View of one ofthe triangular cribwork breakwater or jetty units.

Fig. 5 is-a perspective view showing the lower portion of the seaward corner of one of the cribwork units.

Fig. 6 is a rear elevation of one 4of the gnits viewed as indicated 'by line VI-VI in Fig. 7 is an oblique side elevation of one of the units, viewed as' indicated by line V II-VII in Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a lower rear corner of one of the cribwork units, looking from'the inside.

Figs. 9,/ 10 land 11 show-the reinforced concrete H beam used in the cribwork units,

in side elevation, plan and section, respectively.

Figs. 12, 13 and 414 areend and vside elevations and a top plan View, respectivel of. the header block which is used to rein orce the open cribwork intermediate the corners.

tions, respectively, of a positioner interposed between superpose-d beams in the solid Wall of the cribwork. f

Figs. 17 and 18 show the corner base bea'ms inside elevation and transverse section, respectively. f

Figs. 19 and 20 are a the ,crossing ibeams in the cribwork.

Fig.' 21 is a section on line XXI-XXI of Fio. 19.

Iteferring to' the annexed drawings in' lan view and side'. elevation, respectively, o an mterlocker for which the same parts are designated by the l same reference numerals throughout, I have illustrated dia ammatically in Figs. 1, 2`

and 3, a typica installation of my improved f shore protectingv and beach forming system. As shown in said figures, a body of water 1 has a. shore 2 and a gradually sloping bottom 3 running out from the shore. To protect the shore and build Iu a beach I l construct a, breakwater a suitab e distance from shore consistin of spaced triangular cribwork units 4 and, at suitable intervals along -the shore line, I' construct 'etties' 5 each consisting of a line of the trlangular units 4. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3 each of the cribwork units 4 consists of a solid rear wall 6 placedsubstantially parallel with. the` shore line and open cribwork walls 7 and 8 `extendingseawards from the ends of the wall 6. The walls 7 and 8 consist of crossed courses of 'vertically spaced beams intersecting at their outer ends. The units 4 are partially submerged so that incoming waves strike the converging openwork walls 7 and 8 before they reach the ysolid back wall 6. The walls 7 vand 8 which are built up of beams 9 arranged in courses intersecting at their forward ends to provide openings 10 substantially the whole length of both walls alternating with the beams thereof, present comblike faces to the incoming waves which serve to partially break up and materially l lessen the impact of said waves against the rear wall 6. The wall 6 of .the spaced units presents a solid smooth face to the onrushing waters and throws it in part back onto the incoming waves in the spaces between the 'units' 4, thereby also helping to destroy ltion of storms, rise of storm waters,

the force of the waves passing'to the rear of the breakwater and toiretard the inward current therethrough. The ebb ow is also retarded by the rear walls -6 of the breakwater units 4. The effect of the breakwater is therefore to destroy the destructive force of the waves, retard the incoming currents and to establish an area; of comparative calm between the breakwater and shore resulting in the deposit of solid material along the shore line. When the wind is in a direction oblique to the shore line littoral currents will be established between the breakwater and shore which if not retarded may corrode the shore. To counteract this tendency I build atcsuitable intervals, jetties 5 extending from the shore line toward the breakwater. Each jetty consists of a row of the cribwork units 4 and serves to retard the littoral currents along the shore line and prevent such corrosion.

.x In Fig.` l the dotted line 11 shows the original shore line andthe full line 12 shows the shore line some time after installation of the shore 'protection system. Figs. 2 and 3 show a section of the beach at the time of installation and atsome time thereafter. It willl be understood that a general speciication for shore protecting installations embodying this invention is impracticable owing to variation of tides, prevallin'g'l direcittoral currents and lvarying physical condition of shore, which dilfer at every locality. However, a careful examination by` a, matured engineerof these physical conditions will i enable him to employ the principle of the present invention in an installation to suecessfully meet the requirements of the particular locality. As a typicalexample, however, I will set forth the specifications which i have been adopted for one installation. The

plan adopted was to build at 24 foot centers on aline parallel to the shore line. in approximately 5 foot depth of water, a series of equilateral triangular bins with sides 12 'feet' long set on brush matting 12 inches thick and extending 6 feet from the outer edges of the triangle, the whole weighted down with hand stone and with sacked concrete, mixed dry, one part of cement to eight parts of coarse sand.

To check littoral currents back of the breakwater, a jetty 36 feet long consisting of the same triangular cribwork units was be claimed in a separate application for U.'

S. Letters Patent which I intend to file therefor. n

The construction of the cribwork units 4 is shown in detail in Figs. 4 to 21 inclusive. The entire cribwork is built up of reinforced concrete H beams -9 which are preferably all of the same length. Inthe example above given 12 foot beams are used. ln the solid rear wallv 6 the beams 9 are placed one on top ofthe other with their webs horizontal and the ianges of one resting on the flanges of the beam therebeneath, and with-'the ends of alternate beams staggered to'provide spaces for the ends of the beams oi' the wave combing walls as clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 8. 'To interlock the superposed beams of the wall 6, short positioner within the opposed channels of the superposed beams are interposed at suitable in- 7 tervals between each painof superposed beams from the bottom to the top of the Wall 6. The-beams of the side walls arel positioned with their webs horizontal and with their rear ends positioned between the ends of alternate beams in the wall 6 in spaces provided by the staggered arrangecombing walls 7 and 8y are interlocked with each other at the intersection of said walls andv with the beams of the solid wall 6 by vmeans of interlockers consisting of rein' forced concrete X blocks 14 having upper and lower crossed legs -15 and 16 adapted tot within the channels of the superposed crossed beams. The corners of t-he trianguermost beam at each ofthe corners and interlocked with the H beam resting directly thereon by means of interlockers 14. Each of the beams 9 has an aperture 1S centrally through the web adjacenteach end thereof and each of the interlockers 14 has -an axial aperture 20 which is positioned in registry Y with the apertures 18 of the H -beams which it engages. The base beam 17 has a central aperture 21v which registers with the aperture 20 of its interlocker 14. A tie bolt 22 extends vertically through the apertures 18 of the beam 20 of the interlockers and 21 ofthe base beam at each of the three corners of the unit. The ends of the tie bolts 22 are threaded to .receivev nuts 23 which are tightened against' anchor plates 24 lying against'the webs of the uppermost beams and of the base beams 17. tion ofthe ends of the tie bolts in the chan.-- nels of the uppermost `and lowermost beams makes it convenient to cover the projecting ends thereof with concrete. The entire bolt together with the projecting ends' and anchor plates should be grouted in, preferably with a mixture of one part,P0 rtland cement to two parts of clean fine sand.

To provide tlie` necessary support for the intermediate portions of the spaced H beams in the open-work walls and to more rigidlyy interlock the .beams of said walls,

I have provided headers, comprising short H shaped reinforced concrete blocks 25 having integral lugs 26 and 27 extending transversely across the upper and lower faces thereof and adapted to fit within the opposed channels of the spaced beams. The headers 25 serve to hold the side wall beams in vertical alinement 'and to support the beams intermediate their ends.

The cribwork units 4 are preferably set upon brush mats 28 as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. The short supporting beams 17 at the corners'of the structure sink into the matting or soil and serve. to anchor the units imposition. If found desirable the units .may be weighted down by piling rip rap stone or sacked cement' within them. Such material, however, should not be piled high i enough against the open-work walls 7 and 8 to interfere with the wave combing action thereof.

An advantage of the triangular construc- Ytion of the breakwater units is 'that the The locaapices of these triangular units on the seaward side serve to break up floating cakes' prevent damage to the breakwater Vtending substantially parallel therewith,

said breakwater consisting of units spaced apart for admitting the water and currents restrictedly to .the body of water between the shore. and breakwater, and jetties at substantially right angles to the breakwater and located near `the end portions of said breakwater, the outer ends of the jetties being spaced away from the outer portions of the breakwater 'whereby to provide passages for the currents out of the'body of water confined between shore and breakwater, said jetties extendinginwardly to and within .the shore line. u

2. A .breakwater comprising' a series of spaced partially submerged wave resisting..

units, each comprising a solid wall on the shore side thereof and an open cribwork of crossed beams extending outwardly from said solid wall.

3. A breakwaterl comprising a series of spaced partially submerged triangular wave resisting units, each having a solid wall on the shore side thereof, the other two Walls extending outwardly from said solid wall and consisting of an open lcribwork of crossed beams.

4. A breakwater comprising a-series of spaced partially submerged triangular wave resisting units having a solid wall on the shore side' thereof, the other two walls forming' a Wave combing structure and consisting of courses of-verticallyspaced beams Ainterlocking with said solid wall adjacent the ends thereof and crossing outer ends.

5. In a shore protecting'system, the combination of a breakwater out from the shore line and'extending therealong said breakwater consisting of spaced partially submerged wave resisting units, each comprising a. triangular cribwork consisting of a solid lwall on the shore side and two outwardly extending walls composed of vertically spaced beams forming a wave combingl structure; and jetties extending from the shore toward said breakwater, said jetadjacent their ties each consisting vof a lineof triangular cribwork units.

Signed by me this 12th day of December,

y wiLLIAM" H. Evans. 

